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DELHI - DLI

"Delhi" (; ''Dillī''; ''Dillī''; ''Dēhlī''), officially the "National Capital Territory of Delhi" ("NCT"), is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India.It is bordered by the state of Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. The NCT covers an area of . According to the 2011 census, Delhi's city proper population was over 11 million, the List of cities in India by population after Mumbai, while the whole NCT's population was about 16.8 million., recent estimates of the Gross metropolitan product of its urban area have ranked Delhi either the most

List of cities by GDP of India. Delhi ranks List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index in human development index. Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of various kingdoms and empires. Under the Delhi Sultanate, it was an Imperial city. The city has been captured, ransacked and rebuilt several times, particularly during the medieval period, and modern Delhi is a cluster of a number of cities spread across the metropolitan region.

A union territory, the political administration of the NCT of Delhi today more closely resembles that of a States of India of India, with its own legislature, high court and an executive council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister of Delhi. New Delhi is jointly administered by the federal government of India and the local government of Delhi, and serves as the capital of the nation as well as the NCT of Delhi. Delhi hosted the first and ninth Asian Games in 1951 Asian Games and 1982 Asian Games, respectively, Non-Aligned Movement, 2010 Men's Hockey World Cup, 2010 Commonwealth Games, 4th BRICS summit and was one of the major host cities of the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

Delhi is also the centre of the National Capital Region (India) (NCR), which is a unique 'interstate regional planning' area created by the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985.

There are a number of myths and legends associated with the origin of the name ''Delhi''. One of them is derived from ''Dhillu''

''Dilu'', a king who built a city at this location in 50 BCE and named it after himself. Another legend holds that the name of the city is based on the Hindi/Prakrit word ''dhili'' (''loose'') and that it was used by the Tomara dynasty to refer to the city because the iron pillar of Delhi had a weak foundation and had to be moved. According to the Bhavishya Purana, King Prithiviraja of Indraprastha built a new fort in the modern-day Purana Qila area for the convenience of all four castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the fort and later named the fort ''dehali''. Some historians believe that ''Dhilli''

''Dhillika'' is the original name for the city while others believe the name could be a corruption of the Hindustani language words ''dehleez''

''dehali''—both terms meaning 'threshold'

'gateway'—and symbolic of the city as a gateway to the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

The people of Delhi are referred to as ''Delhiites''

''Dilliwalas''. The city is referenced in various idioms of the Northern Indo-Aryan languages. Examples include:, ''Abhi Dilli door hai'' (अभी दिल्ली दूर है)

journey still far from completion., ''Dilli dilwalon ka shehr''

''Dilli dilwalon ki'' meaning ''Delhi belongs to the large-hearted/daring''., ''Aas-paas barse, Dilli pani tarse'', literally meaning ''it pours all around, while Delhi lies parched''. An allusion to the sometimes semi-arid climate of Delhi, it idiomatically refers to situations of deprivation when one is surrounded by plenty.File:QtubIronPillar.JPG|The iron pillar of Delhi is said to have been fashioned at the time of Chandragupta II (375-413 CE) of the Gupta Empire.File:Agrasen ki Baoli, New Delhi, India - 20070127.jpg|Agrasen ki Baoli is believed to be originally built by the legendary king Agrasen.File:The bastion of Lal Kot fort, Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg|The bastion of Qila Rai Pithora in Delhi's Mehrauli attributed to the Tomara dynasty ruler, Anangpal in c. 736 CE.

A view of Qutab minor

For the next three hundred years, Delhi was ruled by a succession of Turkic peoples and an Afghan, Lodi dynasty. They built several forts and townships that are part of the History of Delhi. Delhi was a major centre of Sufism during this period. The Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) was overthrown in 1290 by Jalal-ud-din Khalji (1290-1320). Under the second Khalji ruler, Alauddin Khalji, the Delhi sultanate extended its control south of the Narmada River in the Deccan. The Delhi sultanate reached its greatest extent during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325-1351). In an attempt to bring the whole of the Deccan under control, he moved his capital to Daulatabad, Maharashtra in central India. However, by moving away from Delhi he lost control of the north and was forced to return to Delhi to restore order. The southern provinces then broke away. In the years following the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388), the Delhi Sultanate rapidly began to lose its hold over its northern provinces. Delhi was captured and sacked by Timur in 1398, who massacred 100,000 captives. Delhi's decline continued under the Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451), until the sultanate was reduced to Delhi and its hinterland. Under the Afghan Lodi dynasty (1451-1526), the Delhi sultanate recovered control of the Punjab and the Gangetic plain to once again achieve domination over Northern India. However, the recovery was short-lived and the sultanate was destroyed in 1526 by Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire.

, after taking control of Delhi, claimed royal status, assumed the ancient Hindu title of ''Vikramaditya'', and resisted Mughals in the 16th century.Babur was a descendant of Descent from Genghis Khan and Timur, from the Fergana Valley in modern-day Uzbekistan. In 1526, he invaded India, defeated the last Lodhi sultan in the First Battle of Panipat and founded the Mughal Empire that ruled from Delhi and Agra. In 1553, the Hindu king Hemu acceded to the throne of Delhi by defeating forces of Mughal Emperor Humayun at Agra and Delhi. However, the Mughals re-established their rule after Akbar's army defeated Hemu during the Battle of Panipat (1556) in 1556. Shah Jahan built the seventh city of Delhi that bears his name ''Shahjahanabad'', which served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638 and is today known as the ''Old City''

''Old Delhi''.

Red Fort with the Indian Flag at the centreAfter the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as the Hindu Maratha Empire from Deccan Plateau rose to prominence. In 1737, Maratha forces sacked Delhi following their victory against the Mughals in the Battle of Delhi (1737). In 1739, the Mughal Empire lost the huge Battle of Karnal in less than three hours against the numerically outnumbered but militarily superior Persian army led by Nader Shah of Afsharid dynasty After his Nader Shah's invasion of India, he sack of Delhi, carrying away immense wealth including the Peacock Throne, the Daria-i-Noor, and Koh-i-Noor. The Mughals, severely further weakened, could never overcome this crushing defeat and humiliation which also left the way open for more invaders to come, including eventually the British Raj. Nader Shah eventually agreed to leave the city and India after forcing the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah I to beg him for mercy and granting him the keys of the city and the royal treasury. A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protectors of the Mughal throne in Delhi., the Maratha Empire's Peshwa who played a key role in capturing Delhi from the Afghans in the Battle of Delhi (1757).In 1757, the Afghan ruler, Ahmad Shah Durrani, sacked Delhi. He returned to Afghanistan leaving a Mughal ruler named Alamgir II in nominal control. The Marathas again occupied Battle of Delhi (1757), and were in control until their defeat in 1761 at the Third Battle of Panipat when the city was captured again by Ahmad Shah Durrani. However, in 1771, the Marathas established a protectorate over Delhi when the Maratha ruler, Mahadji Shinde, recaptured Delhi and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was installed as a client of the Maratha Confederacy in 1772. In 1783, Sikhs under Baghel Singh captured Delhi and Red Fort but due to the treaty signed, Sikhs withdrew from Red Fort and agreed to restore Shah Alam II as the emperor.

In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi, 1803.

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Delhi fell to the forces of East India Company after a bloody fight known as the Siege of Delhi. The city came under the direct control of the British Government in 1858. It was made a district province of the Punjab (British India). The name "New Delhi" was given in 1927, and the new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931. New Delhi, also known as ''Lutyens' Delhi'', was officially declared as the capital of the Dominion of India after the country gained History of the Republic of India on 15 August 1947.During the partition of India, thousands of Hindu and Sikh refugees, mainly from Punjab, Pakistan fled to Delhi, while many Muslim residents of the city migrated to Pakistan. Migration to Delhi from the rest of India continues (), contributing more to the rise of Delhi's population than the birth rate, which is declining.

in top-right.The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 created the Union Territory of Delhi from its predecessor, the ''Chief Commissioner's Province of Delhi''.The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly along Civil lines, though with limited powers. India suspected Pakistan-based militant groups were behind the attack, which caused a major 2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff between the two countries. There were further terrorist attacks in Delhi in 29 October 2005 Delhi bombings and 2008 Delhi bombings, resulting in a total of 103 deaths.

"infobox borderless"|+ Local symbols of Delhi|-! Animal| Nilgai| |-! Bird| Passer domesticus| |-! Tree| Not designated||-! Flower| Alfalfa

The National Capital Territory of Delhi covers an area of , of which is designated rural, and urban therefore making it the largest city in terms of area in the country. It has a length of and a width of .

Delhi is included in India's Earthquake zones of India, indicating its vulnerability to major earthquakes.

Delhi features a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification ''Cwa'') bordering a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification ''BSh''). The warm season lasts from 21 March to 15 June with an average daily high temperature above . The hottest day of the year is 22 May, with an average high of and low of . The cold season lasts from 26 November to 9 February with an average daily high temperature below . The coldest day of the year is 4 January, with an average low of and high of . The brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.

Temperatures in Delhi usually range from , with the lowest and highest temperatures ever recorded being , respectively. The annual mean temperature is ; monthly mean temperatures range from . The highest temperature recorded in July was in 1931. The average annual rainfall is approximately , most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Delhi was the most polluted city in the world in 2014. In 2016 WHO downgraded Delhi to eleventh-worst in the urban air quality database. According to one estimate, air pollution causes the death of about 10,500 people in Delhi every year. Air quality index of Delhi is generally Moderate (101-200) level between January to September, and then it drastically deteriorates to Very Poor (301-400), Severe (401-500)

Hazardous (500+) levels in three months between October to December, due to various factors including stubble burning, fire crackers burning during Diwali and cold weather. During 2013-14, peak levels of fine particulate matter (PM) in Delhi increased by about 44%, primarily due to high vehicular and industrial emissions, construction work and crop burning in adjoining states. It has the highest level of the airborne particulate matter, PM2.5 considered most harmful to health, with 153 micrograms. Rising air pollution level has significantly increased lung-related ailments (especially asthma and lung cancer) among Delhi's children and women. The dense smog and haze in Delhi during winter season results in major air and rail traffic disruptions every year. According to Indian meteorologists, the average maximum temperature in Delhi during winters has declined notably since 1998 due to rising air pollution.

, New Delhi.India's Ministry of Earth Sciences published a research paper in October 2018 attributing almost 41% of PM2.5 air pollution in Delhi to vehicular emissions, 21.5% to dust/fire and 18% to industries. The director of Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) alleged that the Automotive industry in India (SIAM) is lobbying "against the report" because it is "inconvenient" to the automobile industry. Environmentalists have also criticised the Delhi government for not doing enough to curb air pollution and to inform people about air quality issues.

Most of Delhi's residents are unaware of alarming levels of air pollution in the city and the health risks associated with it; Since the mid-1990s, Delhi has undertaken some measures to curb air pollution—Delhi has the third-highest quantity of trees among Indian cities and the Delhi Transport Corporation operates the world's largest fleet of environmentally friendly compressed natural gas (CNG) buses. In 1996, the CSE started a public interest litigation in the Supreme Court of India that ordered the conversion of Delhi's fleet of buses and taxis to run on CNG and banned the use of leaded petrol in 1998. In 2003, Delhi won the United States Department of Energy's first 'Clean Cities International Partner of the Year' award for its "bold efforts to curb air pollution and support alternative fuel initiatives".

However, according to several authors, most of these gains have been lost, especially due to stubble burning, a rise in the market share of diesel exhaust and a considerable decline in bus ridership. According to CSE and System of Air Quality Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR), burning of agricultural waste in nearby Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh regions results in severe intensification of smog over Delhi.

The Circles of Sustainability assessment of Delhi gives a marginally more favourable impression of the ecological sustainability of the city only because it is based on a more comprehensive series of measures than only air pollution. Part of the reason that the city remains assessed at basic sustainability is because of the low resource-use and carbon emissions of its poorer neighbourhoods.. On 3 January 2020, Delhi got its first smog tower to tackle air pollution.

Currently, the National Capital Territory of Delhi is made up of one division, 11 districts, 33 Subdivision (country subdivision), 59 census towns, and 300 villages. Local civic administration has, since the Municipal Corporation of Delhi#Trifurcation of the former Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) in January 2012, been in the hands of five bodies:,the East Delhi Municipal Corporation;,the North Delhi Municipal Corporation;,the South Delhi Municipal Corporation;,the New Delhi Municipal Council; and,the Delhi Cantonment Board.

It was in July 2012, shortly after the MCD trifurcation, that the Government of Delhi increased the number of districts in the capital territory from nine to eleven.

In terms of good governance and best administrative practices, Delhi was ranked fifth out of 21 Indian cities in 2014. It scored 3.6 out of 10 compared to the national average of 3.3.

Delhi is home to the Supreme Court of India and the regional Delhi High Court. A Small Causes Court deals with civil cases, while a Magistrates' Court and the Sessions Court handle criminal cases in the city. For policing purposes Delhi is divided into eleven Districts of Delhi Police which are further subdivided into 95 local police station zones.

As a first-level administrative division, the National Capital Territory of Delhi has its own Legislative Assembly of Delhi, List of lieutenant governors of Delhi, council of ministers and Chief Minister of Delhi. Members of the legislative assembly are directly elected from territorial constituencies in the NCT. The legislative assembly was abolished in 1956, after which direct federal control was implemented until it was re-established in 1993. The Municipal corporation handles civic administration for the city as part of the Panchayati Raj Act. The Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly administer New Delhi, where both bodies are located. The Parliament of India, the Rashtrapati Bhavan (Presidential Palace), Cabinet Secretariat of India and the Supreme Court of India are located in the municipal district of New Delhi. There are 70 assembly constituencies and seven Lok Sabha (Indian parliament's lower house) constituencies in Delhi.The Indian National Congress (Congress) formed all the governments in Delhi until the 1990s, when the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), led by Madan Lal Khurana, came to power. In 1998, the Congress returned to power under the leadership of Sheila Dikshit, who was subsequently re-elected for 3 consecutive terms. But in 2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election, the Congress was ousted from power by the newly formed Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) led by Arvind Kejriwal forming the government with outside support from the Congress. However, that government was short-lived, collapsing only after 49 days. Delhi was then under President's rule until February 2015. On 10 February 2015, the Aam Aadmi Party returned to power after a landslide victory, winning 67 out of the 70 seats in the Delhi Legislative Assembly.

in New Delhi is an important economic hub of the National Capital Region (India).Delhi is the largest commercial centre in northern India. recent estimates of the economy of the Delhi urban area have ranged from $167 to $370 billion (Purchasing power parity Gross metropolitan product) ranking it either the List of cities by GDP of India.The nominal List of Indian states and union territories by GDP of the NCT of Delhi for 2016-17 was estimated at , 13% higher than in 2015-16.

As per the Economic survey of Delhi (2005-2006), the tertiary sector of industry contributes 70.95% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary sector of industry and primary sector of industry sectors with 25.20% and 3.85% contributions, respectively. Delhi's workforce constitutes 32.82% of the population, and increased by 52.52% between 1991 and 2001. Delhi's unemployment rate decreased from 12.57% in 1999-2000 to 4.63% in 2003. Construction, power, health and community services and real estate are also important to the city's economy. Delhi has one of India's largest and fastest growing retail industries. Manufacturing also grew considerably as consumer goods companies established manufacturing units and headquarters in the city. Delhi's large consumer market and the availability of skilled labour has also attracted foreign investment. In 2001, the manufacturing sector employed 1,440,000 workers and the city had 129,000 industrial units.

Delhi's municipal water supply is managed by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). , it supplied 650 million gallons per day (MGD), whereas the estimated consumption requirement is 963 MGD. The shortfall is met by private and public tube wells and hand pumps. At 240 MGD, the Bhakra storage is DJB's largest water source, followed by the Yamuna and Ganges rivers. Delhi's groundwater level is falling and its population density is increasing, so residents often encounter acute water shortage.
In Delhi, daily domestic solid waste production is 8000 tonnes which is dumped at three landfill locations by MCD. The daily domestic waste water production is 470 MGD and industrial waste water is 70 MGD. A large portion of the sewage flows untreated into the Yamuna river. In Delhi power distribution is managed by Tata Power Distribution and BSES Yamuna & Rajdhani since 2002. The Delhi Fire Service runs 43 fire stations that attend about 15,000 fire and rescue calls per year. The state-owned Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) and private enterprises such as Vodafone, Bharti Airtel, Idea Cellular, Reliance Infocomm, Aircel, Reliance Jio and Tata Docomo provide telephone and cell phone services to the city. Cellular coverage is available in GSM, CDMA, 3G and 4G.

Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the south-west of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2015-16, the airport handled more than 48 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in India and South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost to construct between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers annually. In 2010, IGIA was conferred the 4th best airport award in the world in the 15-25 million category, by Airports Council International. The airport was rated as the ''Best airport in the world'' in the 25-40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International. Delhi Airport was awarded ''The Best Airport in Central Asia'' and ''Best Airport Staff in Central Asia'' at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015.

The ''Delhi Flying Club'', established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named ''Delhi'' and ''Roshanara'', was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India. The airport functioned until 2001; however, in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following 9/11. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime minister.

Hindon Airport in Ghaziabad was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi as the second airport for the Delhi-NCR Region on 8 March 2019.

A second international airport open for commercial flights has been suggested either by expansion of Meerut Airport

construction of a new airport in Greater Noida.The Taj International Airport project in Jewar has been approved by the Uttar Pradesh government.

Delhi has the highest road density of 2103 km/100 km2 in India. It is connected to other parts of India by five Indian highways: National Highway 1 (India, old numbering), National Highway 2 (India, old numbering), National Highway 8 (India, old numbering), National Highway 10 (India, old numbering) and National Highway 24 (India). The city's road network is maintained by MCD, NDMC, Delhi Cantonment Board, Public Works Department (PWD) and Delhi Development Authority.

Buses are the most popular means of road transport catering to about 60% of Delhi's total demand. Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. In 1998, the Supreme Court of India ruled that all public transport vehicles in Delhi must be fuelled by compressed natural gas (CNG) to tackle increasing vehicular pollution. The state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) is a major bus service provider which operates the world's largest fleet of CNG-fuelled buses. In addition, cluster scheme buses are operated by Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DIMTS) with the participation of private concessionaires and DTC. In December 2017, the DTC and cluster buses carried over 4.19 million passengers per day. Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminus, Swami Vivekanand Inter State Bus Terminus and Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminus are the main bus terminals for outstation buses plying to neighbouring states. Delhi's rapid rate of economic development and population growth has resulted in an increasing demand for transport, creating excessive pressure on the city's transport infrastructure. To meet the transport demand, the State and Union government constructed a mass rapid transit system, including the Delhi Metro. Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis, auto rickshaws, and cycle rickshaws also ply on Delhi roads in large numbers. , the number of vehicles in the metropolitan region, Delhi NCR, was 11.2 million (11.2 million). In 2008, there were 85 cars in Delhi for every 1,000 of its residents. In 2017, the number of vehicles in Delhi city alone crossed the ten million mark with the transport department of Government of Delhi putting the total number of registered vehicles at 10,567,712 until 25 May of the year.

"Important Roads in Delhi"

Some roads and expressways serve as important pillars of Delhi's road infrastructure:, The Inner Ring Road, Delhi is one of the most important "state highways" in Delhi. It is a 51 km long circular road which connects important areas in Delhi. Owing to more than 2 dozen grade-separators/flyovers, the road is almost signal-free., The Outer Ring Road, Delhi is another major artery in Delhi that links far-flung areas of Delhi., The DND Flyway

DND Flyway is an eight-laned access controlled tolled expressway which connects Delhi to Noida (an important satellite city of Uttar Pradesh)., The Delhi Gurgaon Expressway is a 28 km (17 mi) expressway connecting Delhi to Gurgaon, an important satellite city of Haryana., The Delhi Faridabad Skyway is controlled tolled expressway which connects Delhi to Faridabad, an important satellite city of Haryana.

"National Highways Passing Through Delhi"

Delhi is connected by road to various parts of the country through several National Highways:It is connected to other parts of India by five Indian highways:, National Highway 1 (India, old numbering) connects Amritsar in Punjab to New Delhi., National Highway 2 (India, old numbering) commonly referred as Delhi-Kolkata Road that runs through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal., National Highway 8 (India, old numbering) connects the Indian capital city of New Delhi with the Indian Financial capital city of Mumbai via Jaipur., National Highway 10 (India, old numbering), connects Fazilka in Punjab, India to Delhi., National Highway 24 (India) connects the National capital Delhi to Uttar Pradesh state capital Lucknow running in length.

Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway (India). The main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Delhi Junction Railway Station, Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal, Delhi Sarai Rohilla railway station and Delhi Cantonment railway station. , the metro consists of List of Delhi Metro lines with a total length of and List of Delhi metro stations, and several other lines are under construction. The Phase-I was built at a cost of US$2.3 billion and the Phase-II was expected to cost an additional . Phase-II has a total length of 128 km and was completed by 2010. Delhi Metro completed 10 years of operation on 25 December 2012. It carries millions of passengers every day. In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists.

is the lifeline of Delhi- National Capital Region (India).The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Noida in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's tenth-largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's second modern public transportation system, which has revolutionised travel by providing a fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. The network consists of eleven lines with a total length of with 214 stations, which are a mix of underground, at-grade and elevated stations. All stations have escalators, lifts, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains. There are 18 designated parking sites at Metro stations to further encourage the use of the system. In March 2010, DMRC partnered with Google India (through Google Transit) to provide train schedule and route information to mobile devices with Google Maps.It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge. The Phase-I of Delhi Metro was built at a cost of US$2.3 billion and the Phase-II was expected to cost an additional .

The 08 RRTS Corridors have been proposed by National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) to facilitate the people travelling from nearby cities in NCR to Delhi. The three main corridors in the first phase are as follows:# "Delhi-Alwar Regional Rapid Transit System" via Gurugram - 180.50 km# "Delhi-Panipat Regional Rapid Transit System" via Sonipat - 111 km# "Delhi-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System" via Ghaziabad - 92.05 km

A complete view of Akshardham temple with people entering the temple.File:Digambar Jain Lal Mandir, Chandni Chowk, Delhi.jpg|Lal Mandir is a historic Jain temple in Old Delhi.File:Front view of Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, Delhi.jpg|Gurudwara Bangla Sahib is one of the most prominent Sikhism Gurdwara in Delhi, and known for its association with the eighth Sikh Guru, Guru Har Krishan.File:Jama Masjid - In the Noon.jpg|Islamic Jama Masjid, Delhi.File:CathedralChurch.JPG|Cathedral Church of the Redemption, belonging to the Church of North India.Hinduism is Delhi's predominant religious faith, with 81.68% of Delhi's population, followed by Islam (12.86%), Sikhism (3.40%), Jainism (0.99%), Christianity (0.87%), and Buddhism (0.11%). Other minority religions include Zoroastrianism, Baha'ism and Judaism.

According to the 50th report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, which was submitted in 2014, Hindi is Delhi's most spoken language, with 80.94% speakers, followed by Punjabi language (7.14%), Urdu (6.31%) and Bengali language (1.50%). 4.11% of the Delhites speak other languages. Hindi is also the official language of Delhi while Urdu and Punjabi have been declared as additional official languages., First Language# Hindi# Urdu# English, Second Language# English, Third language# Urdu# Punjabi# Bengali# Sindhi# Tamil# Telugu# Malayalam# Kannada# Gujarati# Marathi# Arabic# Persian# Sanskrit

Around 49% of the population of Delhi lives in slums and unauthorised colonies without any civic amenities. The majority of the slums have inadequate provisions to the basic facilities and according to a DUSIB report, almost 22% of the people do open defecation.

An image showing a number of pots which are made traditionally, black coloured with red and green work on it.Delhi's culture has been influenced by its lengthy history and historic association as the capital of India, Although a strong Punjabis Influence can be seen in Punjabi language, Punjabi clothing and Punjabi cuisine brought by the large number of refugees who came following the Partition of India the recent migration from other parts of India has made it a melting pot. This is exemplified by many significant monuments in the city. Delhi is also identified as the location of Indraprastha, the ancient capital of the Pandavas. The Archaeological Survey of India recognises 1,200 heritage buildings and 175 monuments as national heritage sites.

In the Old City, the Mughals and the Turkic rulers constructed several architecturally significant buildings, such as the Jama Masjid, Delhi—India's largest mosque built in 1656 and the Red Fort. Three World Heritage Sites—the Red Fort, Qutab Minar and Humayun's Tomb—are located in Delhi. Other monuments include the India Gate, the Yantra Mandir (Delhi)—an 18th-century astronomical observatory—and the Purana Qila—a 16th-century fortress. The Laxminarayan Temple, Akshardham (Delhi), Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, the Bahá'í Faith Lotus Temple and the ISKCON Temple Delhi are examples of modern architecture. Raj Ghat and associated memorials houses memorials of Mahatma Gandhi and other notable personalities. New Delhi houses several government buildings and official residences reminiscent of British colonial architecture, including the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Secretariat Building, New Delhi, Rajpath, the Parliament of India and Vijay Chowk. Tomb of Safdar Jang is an example of the Mughal gardens style. Some regal ''havelis'' (palatial residences) are in the Old City.

Lotus Temple is a Bahá'í House of Worship completed in 1986. Notable for its flowerlike shape, it serves as the Mother Temple of the Indian subcontinent and has become a prominent attraction in the city. The Lotus Temple has won numerous architectural awards and been featured in hundreds of newspaper and magazine articles. Like all other Bahá'í House of Worship, is open to all regardless of religion,

any other distinction, as emphasised in Bahá'í literature. The Bahá'í laws emphasise that the spirit of the House of Worship be that it is a gathering place where people of all religions may worship God without denominational restrictions. The Bahá'í laws also stipulate that only the holy scriptures of the Bahá'í Faith and other religions can be read

chanted inside in any language; while readings and prayers can be set to music by choirs, no musical instruments can be played inside. Furthermore, no sermons can be delivered, and there can be no ritualistic ceremonies practised. Delhi's arts and crafts include, ''Zardozi''—an embroidery done with gold thread— and ''Meenakari''—the art of enamelling.

lit up for Republic Day of IndiaDelhi's association and geographic proximity to the capital, New Delhi, has amplified the importance of national events and holidays like Republic Day (India), Independence Day (India) (15 August) and ''Gandhi Jayanti''. On Independence Day, the Prime Minister addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom. The Delhi Republic Day parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military strength. Over the centuries, Delhi has become known for its composite culture, and a festival that symbolises this is the ''Phool Walon Ki Sair'', which takes place in September. Flowers and ''pankhe''—fans embroidered with flowers—are offered to the shrine of the 13th-century Sufi saint Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki and the Yogmaya Temple, both situated in Mehrauli.

Religious festivals include ''Diwali'' (the festival of lights), ''Mahavir Jayanti'', Guru Nanak's Birthday, ''Raksha Bandhan'', ''Durga Puja'', ''Holi'', ''Lohri'', ''Chauth'', ''Krishna Janmastami'', ''Maha Shivratri'', Eid ul-Fitr, ''Day of Ashura'' and ''Buddha Jayanti''. Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival, Delhi and ''Vasant Panchami'' (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi. The Auto Expo, Asia's largest auto show, is held in Delhi biennially. The New Delhi World Book Fair, held biennially at the Pragati Maidan, is the second-largest exhibition of books in the world. Delhi is often regarded as the "Book Capital" of India because of high readership. India International Trade Fair (IITF), organised by India Trade Promotion Organisation is the biggest cultural and shopping fair of Delhi which takes place in November each year and is visited by more than 1.5 million people.

As India's national capital and centuries old Mughal empire capital, Delhi influenced the food habits of its residents and is where Mughlai cuisine originated. Along with Indian cuisine, a variety of international cuisines are popular among the residents. The dearth of food habits among the city's residents created a unique style of cooking which became popular throughout the world, with dishes such as ''Kebab'', ''biryani'', ''tandoori''. The city's classic dishes include butter chicken, ''dal makhani'', ''shahi paneer'', ''aloo chaat'', ''chaat'', ''dahi bhalla'', ''kachori'', ''Panipuri'', ''samosa'', ''chole bhature'', ''chole kulche'', ''gulab jamun'', ''jalebi'' and ''lassi''.

The fast living habits of Delhi's people has motivated the growth of street food outlets. The ''Gali Paranthe Wali'' (the street of fried bread) is a street in Chandni Chowk particularly for food eateries since the 1870s. Almost the entire street is occupied by fast food stalls

hawker (trade). It has nearly become a tradition that almost every prime minister of India has visited the street to eat ''paratha'' at least once. Other Indian cuisines are also available in this area even though the street specialises in north Indian food .

According to Euromonitor International, Delhi ranked as 28th-most visited city in the world and first in India by foreign visitors in 2015. There are numerous tourist attractions in Delhi, both historic and modern. The three UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Delhi, Qutb Complex, Red Fort and Humayun's Tomb are among the finest examples of Indo-Islamic architecture. Another prominent landmark of Delhi is India Gate, a 1931 built war memorial to soldiers of British Indian Army who died during World War I. Delhi has several famous places of worship of various religions. One of the largest Hindu temple complexes in the world, Akshardham (Delhi) is a major tourist attraction in the city. Other famous religious sites include Lal Mandir, Laxminarayan Temple, Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, Lotus Temple, Jama Masjid, Delhi and ISKCON Temple Delhi. Delhi is also a hub for Shopping in Delhi of all kinds. Connaught Place, New Delhi, Chandni Chowk, Sarojini Nagar, Khan Market and Dilli Haat are some of the major retail markets in Delhi. Major shopping malls include Select Citywalk, Pacific Mall, DLF Promenade, DLF Emporio, Metro Walk (Delhi) and Ansal Plaza.

Private schools in Delhi—which use either English

Hindi as the language of instruction—are affiliated to one of three administering bodies, the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE)

the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS). In 2004-05, approximately 1,529,000 students were enrolled in primary schools, 822,000 in middle schools and 669,000 in secondary schools across Delhi. seven major universities and nine Deemed University. University of Delhi, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi and Jamia Millia Islamia are the Central University (India), and Indira Gandhi National Open University is for distance education., about 16% of all Delhi residents possessed at least a college graduate degree.

Pitampura TV Tower with background of blue skyAs the capital of India, Delhi is the focus of political reportage, including regular television broadcasts of Parliament sessions. Many national media agencies, including the state-owned Press Trust of India, Media Trust of India and Doordarshan, is based in the city. Television programming includes two free terrestrial television channels offered by Doordarshan, and several Hindi, English, and regional-language cable television channels offered by multi system operators. Direct broadcast satellite has yet to gain a large quantity of subscribers in the city.

Print journalism remains a popular news medium in Delhi. The city's Hindi newspapers include ''Navbharat Times'', ''Hindustan Dainik'', ''Punjab Kesari'', ''Pavitra Bharat'', ''Dainik Jagran'', ''Dainik Bhaskar'', ''Dainik Prayukti'', ''Amar Ujala'' and ''Dainik Desbandhu''. Amongst the English language newspapers, ''The Hindustan Times'', with a daily circulation of over a million copies, is the single largest daily. Other major English newspapers include ''Times of India'', ''The Hindu'', ''Indian Express'', ''Business Standard'', ''The Pioneer (daily)'', ''The Statesman (India)'', and ''The Asian Age''. Regional language newspapers include the Malayalam language daily ''Malayala Manorama'' and the Tamil language dailies ''Dinamalar'' and ''Dinakaran''.

Radio is a less popular mass medium in Delhi, although Frequency modulation radio has gained popularity since the inauguration of several new stations in 2006.A number of state-owned and private radio stations broadcast from Delhi.

opening ceremony in Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi) is one of the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi and India.Delhi has hosted many major international sporting events, including the 1951 Asian Games and also the 1982 Asian Games Asian Games, the 2010 Men's Field hockey World Cup, the 2010 Commonwealth Games and the 2011 Cricket World Cup. Delhi lost bidding for the 2014 Asian Games, and considered making a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics. However, sports minister Manohar Singh Gill later stated that funding infrastructure would come before a 2020 bid. There are indications of a possible 2028 Summer Olympics bid.

.The 2010 Commonwealth Games, which ran from 3 to 14 October 2010, was one of the largest sports event held in India. The opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi at 7:00 pm Indian Standard Time on 3 October 2010. The ceremony featured over 8,000 performers and lasted for two and a half hours. It is estimated that were spent to produce the ceremony. Events took place at 12 competition venues. 20 training venues were used in the Games, including seven venues within Delhi University. The rugby stadium in Delhi University North Campus hosted rugby games for Commonwealth Games.

Cricket and Association football are the most popular sports in Delhi. There are several cricket grounds,

''wikt:meidan'', located across the city. The Arun Jaitley Stadium (known commonly as the ''Kotla'') is one of the oldest cricket grounds in India and is a venue for international cricket matches. It is the home ground of the Delhi cricket team, which represents the city in the Ranji Trophy, the premier Indian domestic first-class cricket championship. The Delhi cricket team has produced several world-class international cricketers such as Virender Sehwag, Virat Kohli, Gautam Gambhir, Madan Lal, Chetan Chauhan, Shikhar Dhawan, Ishant Sharma, Manoj Prabhakar and Bishan Singh Bedi to name a few. The Railways cricket team and Services cricket team cricket teams in the Ranji Trophy also play their home matches in Delhi, in the Karnail Singh Stadium and the Harbax Singh Stadium, respectively. The city is also home to the Indian Premier League team Delhi Capitals, who play their home matches at the Kotla.

Ambedkar Stadium, a football stadium in Delhi which holds 21,000 people, was the venue for the Indian football team's World Cup qualifier against UAE on 28 July 2012. Delhi hosted the Nehru Cup in 2007 Nehru Cup and 2009 Nehru Cup, in both of which India defeated Syria 1-0. In the Elite Football League of India, Delhi's first professional American football franchise, the Delhi Defenders played its first season in Pune. Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, a suburb of Delhi, formerly hosted the Formula 1 Indian Grand Prix. The Indira Gandhi Arena is also in Delhi.

Delhi is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21.

;Sister cities, New York City, United States, London, United Kingdom, Moscow, Russia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Chicago, Illinois, United States, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tokyo, Japan

;Partnerships, Yerevan, Armenia